From yield to collateral: The $8.6 billion turning point
Tokenized U.S. Treasuries, the largest class of real-world assets (RWA) after stablecoins, have entered a new phase. Tokenized money-market funds (MMFs), which pool cash into short-term U.S. government securities, are shifting from passive yield to collateral for trading, credit and repo transactions.
As of late October, the total market cap of tokenized Treasuries reached $8.6 billion, up from $7.4 billion in mid-September. The increase was led by BlackRock’s BUIDL, which reached about $2.85 billion, followed by Circle’s USYC at $866 million and Franklin Templeton’s BENJI at $865 million. Fidelity’s newly launched tokenized MMF also showed impressive growth and rose to $232 million.
Institutional adoption: Exchanges, banks and custodians step in
Digital representations of Treasury bills are starting to move through the same settlement and margin systems that support traditional collateral markets. The first practical test of fund-as-collateral came in June, when BUIDL was approved on Crypto.com and Deribit. By late September, Bybit extended the concept, announcing it would accept QCDT, a DFSA-approved tokenized money-market fund backed by U.S. Treasuries, as collateral. The token can be posted by professional clients on the exchange’s trading platform in place of cash or stablecoins. This allows them to earn the underlying yield from the Treasury fund and maintain trading exposure.
In traditional banking, DBS became the first to move toward actively testing tokenized funds. The Singapore lender confirmed that it will make Franklin Templeton’s sgBENJI, which is the onchain version of its U.S. Government Money Fund, available for trading and lending on the DBS Digital Exchange, together with Ripple’s RLUSD stablecoin. The bank is also running pilot transactions to use sgBENJI as repo and credit collateral. The project turns tokenized money-market funds from a passive investment into a working part of the bank’s financing infrastructure.
Infrastructure and messaging: The hidden engine of tokenized finance
The infrastructure that links banks and blockchain systems has also advanced. Chainlink and Swift, working with UBS Tokenize, completed a pilot that processed subscriptions and redemptions for a tokenized fund using standard ISO 20022 messages. In simple terms, the test showed that the same message format banks already use to settle securities and payments can now trigger smart-contract actions on a blockchain.
The pilot marks a clear step toward interoperability. Tokenized funds have so far existed in separate digital systems that required custom links to connect with banks. Using ISO 20022 as the message format gives both sides a shared language. It allows custodians and fund administrators to move tokenized assets through the same settlement and reporting processes already used for traditional securities.
For investors and institutions, this means tokenized Treasuries are starting to fit into the normal financial workflow rather than sitting apart as a crypto experiment.
Market composition and frictions
The market is still led by a handful of large funds, but it is slowly diversifying. BlackRock’s BUIDL still holds the largest share of the market at about 33% of total tokenized Treasuries. Franklin Templeton’s BENJI, Ondo’s OUSG and Circle’s USYC each account for about 9% to 10%.
A quick look at the table below shows how this balance is starting to shift. The space once dominated almost entirely by one instrument now has several regulated managers sharing meaningful portions of the market. This distribution spreads liquidity and makes collateral acceptance more practical for venues and banks that prefer diversified exposure.
Where tokenized Treasuries still meet friction is not on the demand side, but through regulatory hurdles. Most of the funds are open only to Qualified Purchasers under U.S. securities law, typically institutions or high net worth individuals (HNWI).
The cut-off times are another subtle but important limit. Like traditional money-market funds, tokenized versions only allow redemptions and new subscriptions at specific times of the day. During periods of heavy redemptions or liquidity stress, this schedule can delay withdrawals or injections of liquidity. This makes them behave less like 24/7 crypto assets and more like traditional funds.
Tokenized funds still trade on less liquid markets and depend on blockchain settlement cycles. Therefore, exchanges tend to discount their posted value more heavily than they would conventional Treasury bills. For example, venues such as Deribit apply margin reductions of about 10%. Treasuries in traditional repo markets, on the other hand, only carry haircuts of about 2%.
The difference reflects operational rather than credit risk, such as delays in redemption, onchain transfer finality and lower secondary-market liquidity. As tokenized Treasuries mature and reporting standards tighten, these discounts are expected to narrow toward conventional money-market norms.
Outlook: From pilots to production
The coming quarter will be about connecting the pilots mentioned in this article. The repo tests by the DBS, experiments by exchanges and the Swift x Chainlink ISO 20022 integration all point toward routine intraday collateral use.
On the regulatory front, the U.S. CFTC commenced its Tokenized Collateral and Stablecoins Initiative on Sept. 23. If these consultations and repo programs progress, tokenized Treasuries should shift from pilot projects to production-level tools. They will function as an active layer of the global collateral stack, bridging bank balance sheets, stablecoin liquidity and onchain finance.
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